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The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) is the official export credit agency of the United States federal government. Operating as a government corporation, the bank finances and insures foreign purchases of United States goods for customers unable or unwilling to accept credit risk. According to its charter, the Ex-Im Bank does not compete with private sector lenders, but rather provides financing for transactions that would otherwise not take place because commercial lenders are either unable or unwilling to accept the political or commercial risks inherent in the deal. Its current chairman and president is Fred P. Hochberg. The bank was established in 1934 by an executive order, and made an independent agency in the Executive Branch by Congress in 1945. It was last chartered for a three-year term in 2012 and extended in September 2014 through June 30, 2015.〔(House Joint Resolution 124 ), which became Public Law No: 113-164 on September 19, 2014.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bill Summary & Status, 112th Congress (2011 - 2012), H.R.2072 ) which became Public Law 112-122 on May 30, 2012.〕 Congressional authorization for the bank lapsed as of July 1, 2015. As a result, the bank cannot engage in new business, but it continues to manage its existing loan portfolio. The cost and effectiveness of the bank are controversial. While the Ex-Im Bank projects to save the US government $14 billion over 10 years, an alternative analysis from the Congressional Budget Office found that the program would lose about $2 billion over the same period, partly due to discrepancies how credit risk is accounted for. Both conservative and liberal groups have been critical of the bank, and some continue to call for its closure. President Barack Obama was critical of the bank during his presidential candidacy,〔 but has since become a supporter of the program. == Overview == The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) is a government agency that provides a variety of loan, guarantee, and insurance products intended to aid the export of American goods and services. The mission of the Bank is to create and sustain U.S. jobs by financing sales of U.S. exports to international buyers. The Bank is chartered as a government corporation by the Congress of the United States; it was last chartered for a three-year term in 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Export-Import Bank Reathorization of 2012 )〕 The Charter spells out the Bank's authorities and limitations. Among them is the principle that Ex-Im Bank does not compete with private sector lenders, but rather provides financing for transactions that would otherwise not take place because commercial lenders are either unable or unwilling to accept the political or commercial risk inherent in the deal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Charter of the Export-Import Bank of the United States )〕 The Ex-Im Bank's products aim to support export sales for any American export firm regardless of size. The bank's charter provides that Ex-Im Bank makes available "not less than 20%" of its lending authority to small businesses although they have often fallen short of the 20% threshold.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Charter of the Export-Import Bank of the United States Sec.2(b)(1)(E)(v) )〕 In fiscal year 2013 however, 76% of the value of loans and guarantees went to the top 10 recipients. Similar banks, known generally as export credit agencies (ECAs), are operated by 60 foreign countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OECD: Better Policies For Better Lives )〕 As the United States is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) they conduct their activities by following OECD rules and principles. The goal is to permit exporters in various countries to compete on the basis of the quality of their goods and services, not on preferential financing terms. Countries outside the OECD, such as the China Exim Bank, Ex-Im Bank of Russia, Brazil, and India, do not require their ECAs to follow OECD rules. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Export-Import Bank of the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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